ISA-95 and UNS (How-to Guide) applies to FrameworX the international standard for integrating enterprise and control systems, defining hierarchical levels, data models, and information flows. This guide implements ISA-95 principles within FrameworX's Unified Namespace (UNS), creating a standardized data architecture that bridges OT and IT systems while maintaining clear functional boundaries.

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UNS → Tutorial | Concept | How-to Guide | ISA-95 | Reference

Quick Reference

Standard Focus: Enterprise-Control System Integration
Hierarchy Levels: Level 0 (Process) through Level 4-5 (Enterprise)
Key Models: Equipment hierarchy, functional hierarchy, physical asset model
UNS Pattern: Event-driven architecture with semantic naming conventions

1. ISA-95 Functional Hierarchy

Level Definitions and UNS Mapping

Level 0: Physical Process

Function: Actual physical processes
UNS Path: /Plant/Area/Process/Sensors/
Data Types: Raw sensor values, actuator states
Update Rate: Milliseconds to seconds

/Plant/Production/Reactor1/Temperature/TT-1001
/Plant/Production/Reactor1/Pressure/PT-1001
/Plant/Production/Reactor1/Valves/XV-1001/State

Level 1: Intelligent Devices

Function: Sensing and manipulation of physical process
UNS Path: /Plant/Area/Cell/Equipment/Device/
Data Types: Scaled values, device diagnostics
Update Rate: 100ms - 1 second

/Plant/Production/Cell1/PLC/CPU/Status
/Plant/Production/Cell1/PLC/IO/Module1/Health
/Plant/Production/Cell1/Drives/VFD-1001/Speed

Level 2: Control Systems

Function: Supervisory control, monitoring, automated control
UNS Path: /Plant/Area/Control/
Data Types: Control loops, setpoints, modes, alarms
Update Rate: 1-5 seconds

/Plant/Production/Control/Loops/TIC-1001/PV
/Plant/Production/Control/Loops/TIC-1001/SP
/Plant/Production/Control/Loops/TIC-1001/Mode
/Plant/Production/Control/Alarms/Active/Count

Level 3: Manufacturing Operations

Function: Workflow to produce desired products
UNS Path: /Enterprise/MES/
Data Types: Work orders, recipes, batch records, KPIs
Update Rate: Minutes to hours

/Enterprise/MES/WorkOrders/WO-2024-001/Status
/Enterprise/MES/Production/Batch/B-12345/Recipe
/Enterprise/MES/Quality/Samples/S-98765/Results
/Enterprise/MES/OEE/Line1/Availability

Level 4-5: Business Planning

Function: Business logistics and planning
UNS Path: /Enterprise/ERP/
Data Types: Production schedules, inventory, costs
Update Rate: Hours to days

/Enterprise/ERP/Planning/Schedule/Week45
/Enterprise/ERP/Inventory/RawMaterials/RM-001/Quantity
/Enterprise/ERP/Orders/PO-2024-1234/Status

2. Equipment Hierarchy Model

Physical Asset Structure

Enterprise: "Acme_Corp"
??? Site: "Plant_Chicago"
    ??? Area: "Production"
        ??? ProductionLine: "Line_1"
            ??? WorkCell: "Cell_1A"
                ??? WorkUnit: "Reactor_1"
                    ??? EquipmentModule: "Agitator"
                        ??? ControlModule: "Motor_M101"

UNS Implementation

// Equipment Model Template
const EquipmentModel = {
    Enterprise: "Acme_Corp",
    Site: {
        Name: "Chicago_Plant",
        Areas: [
            {
                Name: "Production",
                ProductionLines: [
                    {
                        Name: "Line_1",
                        WorkCells: [
                            {
                                Name: "Cell_1A",
                                Units: ["Reactor_1", "Reactor_2"],
                                StorageZones: ["Tank_Farm_A"]
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            }
        ]
    }
};

// UNS Path Generation
function generateUNSPath(equipment) {
    return `/${equipment.Enterprise}/${equipment.Site}/${equipment.Area}/${equipment.Line}/${equipment.Cell}/${equipment.Unit}`;
}

3. Functional Hierarchy Model

Role-Based Organization

Production Operations:
??? Production Scheduling
?   ??? Detailed Scheduling
?   ??? Resource Allocation
?   ??? Dispatching
??? Production Control
?   ??? Recipe Management
?   ??? Batch Control
?   ??? Process Control
??? Production Data Collection
?   ??? Process Data
?   ??? Quality Data
?   ??? Equipment Data
??? Production Performance Analysis
    ??? OEE Calculation
    ??? SPC Analysis
    ??? Energy Monitoring

UNS Functional Paths

/Operations/Scheduling/Current/Orders/
/Operations/Control/Recipes/Active/
/Operations/DataCollection/Process/Trends/
/Operations/Performance/OEE/Realtime/

4. B2MML Integration

Personnel Model

<Personnel>
    <ID>EMP-12345</ID>
    <Name>John Smith</Name>
    <PersonnelClass>
        <ID>Operator_Level2</ID>
        <Property>
            <ID>Certification</ID>
            <Value>Process_Control</Value>
        </Property>
    </PersonnelClass>
    <UNSPath>/Personnel/Operations/EMP-12345</UNSPath>
</Personnel>

Equipment Model

<Equipment>
    <ID>REACTOR-001</ID>
    <Description>Primary Reactor Vessel</Description>
    <EquipmentClass>
        <ID>Reactor_Type_A</ID>
        <Property>
            <ID>MaxTemperature</ID>
            <Value>200</Value>
            <UoM>Celsius</UoM>
        </Property>
    </EquipmentClass>
    <UNSPath>/Plant/Production/Cell1/Reactor1</UNSPath>
</Equipment>

Material Model

<Material>
    <ID>MAT-5678</ID>
    <Description>Raw Material A</Description>
    <MaterialClass>
        <ID>Chemical_Grade_1</ID>
        <Property>
            <ID>Purity</ID>
            <Value>99.5</Value>
            <UoM>Percent</UoM>
        </Property>
    </MaterialClass>
    <UNSPath>/Materials/Raw/MAT-5678</UNSPath>
</Material>

5. UNS Semantic Structure

Naming Convention Standards

Pattern: /{Context}/{Asset}/{Attribute}/{SubAttribute}

Context Types:

Plant: Physical equipment and processes
Operations: Manufacturing execution
Enterprise: Business systems
Quality: Quality management
Maintenance: Asset management

Standard Attribute Names

Process Values:

PV: Process Variable
SP: Setpoint
OP: Output
Mode: Control mode (Auto/Manual/Cascade)

States:

State: Current state (Running/Stopped/Fault)
Command: Requested state
Status: Detailed status information

Measurements:

Value: Current measured value
EU: Engineering units
Range: Min/max limits
Quality: Data quality indicator

Data Quality Model

const DataQuality = {
    Good: 192,              // Good quality data
    Uncertain: 64,          // Uncertain quality
    Bad: 0,                 // Bad quality
    // Sub-quality codes
    GoodLocalOverride: 216,
    UncertainLastUsableValue: 68,
    BadNotConnected: 8,
    BadDeviceFailure: 12
};

6. Event-Driven Architecture

Event Structure

{
    "timestamp": "2024-10-30T14:23:45.123Z",
    "source": "/Plant/Production/Cell1/Reactor1",
    "eventType": "StateChange",
    "payload": {
        "previousState": "Running",
        "currentState": "Stopped",
        "reason": "BatchComplete",
        "batchId": "B-12345",
        "operator": "EMP-12345"
    },
    "quality": 192,
    "metadata": {
        "ISA95Level": 2,
        "Equipment": "REACTOR-001",
        "Area": "Production"
    }
}

MQTT Topic Structure

# ISA-95 Aligned Topics
Plant/+/+/+/data          # Level 0-1 Process data
Control/+/+/status        # Level 2 Control status
MES/+/+/production        # Level 3 Production data
ERP/+/+/planning          # Level 4-5 Business data

# Examples
Plant/Production/Cell1/Reactor1/data
Control/Area1/Loop/TIC-1001/status
MES/Orders/Active/WO-2024-001/production
ERP/Inventory/Raw/MAT-5678/planning

7. FrameworX UNS Configuration

Asset Tree Configuration

<AssetTree>
    <Enterprise name="AcmeCorp">
        <Site name="Chicago" ISA95Level="4">
            <Area name="Production" ISA95Level="3">
                <ProductionLine name="Line1">
                    <WorkCell name="Cell1A" ISA95Level="2">
                        <WorkUnit name="Reactor1" ISA95Level="1">
                            <Tags>
                                <Tag name="Temperature" path="TT-1001"/>
                                <Tag name="Pressure" path="PT-1001"/>
                                <Tag name="Level" path="LT-1001"/>
                            </Tags>
                        </WorkUnit>
                    </WorkCell>
                </ProductionLine>
            </Area>
        </Site>
    </Enterprise>
</AssetTree>

Tag Provider Mapping

// ISA-95 Level-based Tag Provider Configuration
const TagProviders = {
    Level0_1: {
        provider: "OPCUAProvider",
        endpoint: "opc.tcp://plc1:4840",
        updateRate: 1000,
        tags: "/Plant/*/Sensors/*"
    },
    Level2: {
        provider: "SCADAProvider",
        endpoint: "http://scada:8080",
        updateRate: 5000,
        tags: "/Control/*/*"
    },
    Level3: {
        provider: "MESProvider",
        endpoint: "http://mes:9090",
        updateRate: 60000,
        tags: "/MES/*/*"
    },
    Level4_5: {
        provider: "ERPProvider",
        endpoint: "http://erp:8443",
        updateRate: 300000,
        tags: "/Enterprise/*/*"
    }
};

Performance Optimization

UNS Optimization Settings:
  Level0_1:
    BufferSize: 10000
    Compression: true
    DeadbandType: Absolute
    DeadbandValue: 0.5
    
  Level2:
    BufferSize: 5000
    StoreAndForward: true
    Priority: High
    
  Level3:
    BufferSize: 1000
    BatchingInterval: 60s
    Priority: Normal
    
  Level4_5:
    BufferSize: 100
    BatchingInterval: 300s
    Priority: Low

8. Data Exchange Patterns

Vertical Integration (Between Levels)

Level 4-5 (ERP) <--> REST/SOAP
     ?
Level 3 (MES) <--> OData/GraphQL
     ?
Level 2 (SCADA) <--> OPC UA
     ?
Level 0-1 (PLC) <--> EtherNet/IP

Horizontal Integration (Within Levels)

Pattern: Publish/Subscribe via MQTT
Publisher: /Plant/Production/Cell1/Reactor1/Temperature
Subscribers:
  - /Control/Loops/TIC-1001 (Control)
  - /MES/Batch/Current/Temperature (MES)
  - /Maintenance/Monitoring/Reactor1 (Maintenance)

Transaction Boundaries

// Level 3 to Level 2 Transaction
async function sendProductionOrder(order) {
    const transaction = {
        id: generateUUID(),
        timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
        source: "/MES/Orders",
        target: "/Control/Production",
        type: "ProductionOrderRequest",
        payload: {
            orderId: order.id,
            product: order.product,
            quantity: order.quantity,
            recipe: order.recipe,
            scheduledStart: order.startTime
        },
        requiresAck: true,
        timeout: 30000
    };
    
    await publishToUNS(transaction);
    await waitForAcknowledgment(transaction.id);
}

9. Best Practices and Guidelines

Do's

? Maintain ISA-95 level separation - Clear boundaries between levels
? Use semantic naming - Self-describing paths and attributes
? Implement data contracts - Defined schemas between levels
? Version your models - Track changes to data structures
? Monitor data quality - Include quality indicators with data
? Design for scalability - Consider future growth

Don'ts

? Skip levels - Direct Level 0 to Level 4 connections
? Mix contexts - Business logic in control systems
? Ignore standards - Custom implementations without ISA-95 alignment
? Forget security - Each level needs appropriate security
? Overlook performance - Consider update rates and data volumes

Migration Strategy

Assessment Phase:
- Map existing systems to ISA-95 levels
- Identify integration points
- Define data models
Design Phase:
- Create UNS structure
- Define naming conventions
- Establish data contracts
Implementation Phase:
- Deploy level by level
- Start with Level 2 (SCADA)
- Expand up and down
Validation Phase:
- Verify data flows
- Test transaction boundaries
- Validate performance

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